past years Q's
Phosphoglycerate is a precursor of the following: (6/03, 6/05)

• glucose
• lecithin
• serine

• hartnup disease 6/03
• alkaptonuria 6/03, 6/08, 6/06
• maple syrup disease 6/07, 6/08
• oxalouria

• glutathione 6/03, 6/05
  
• melanin 6/03
  
• cysteine choline 6/03
  
• phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from aspartate 6/06
  
• creatine 6/06, 6/05
  
• choline 6/02, 6/06
  
• melatonin 6/05

• pyruvate kinase
• phosphoglycerate kinase
• succinate thiokinase

• pyruvate > acetyl CoA
• a-ketoglutarate > succinyl CoA
• a-ketobutyrate > propionyl CoA

• why pyruvic acid move into mitochondria? -enzyme to catalyze this only present in cytosol
• why OAA inside inside mitochondria must be converted to citrate, aspartate & malate? -OAA is impermeable to mitochondrial membrane
• 3 reaction which differ from glycolysis? -(the irriversible part)

1. pyruvate > PEP
2. Fructose 1,6 diphosphate > fructose 6 phosphate (via F-1,6-biphosphate)
3. Glucose 6 phosphate > glucose (via G-6-phosphatase)

• CO2 fixation
• regulation
• role of vitamins in Kreb's

• main source of NADPH+H
• key enzyme: G-6-P dehydrogenase & lactonase
• importance of NADPH+H in RBC - FA & cholesterol synthesis, glutathione reduction

• pyruvate
• PEP
• Aspartate
• Citric acid

• glucose
• lactic acid

• alanine
• OAA
• lactate
• enter Krebs cycle
• lipogenesis