Chapter1: Inflammation.
Class A.
1. Abscess.
2. Granuloma.
3. Differences between acute and chronic inflammation.
Class B.
1. Exudate
2. Types of non-suppurative especially 3 types:
(cataral,pseudomembranous,serofibrinous).
3. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
Class C.
1. Enumerate 5 chemical mediators and function of each.
Answer:
Histamine | VD , increase permeability |
Bradykinin | Pain |
Interleukin 1 & TNF | Fever,cytosis |
Obsorine | Attachment and phagocytosis |
Complement C5A | Chemotaxis |
Chapter 2: Repair.
Class A.
1. Complication of repair & complication of healing
2. Repair of bone fracture.
3. Repair of nervous system-peripheral nerve regenerate
Class B.
1. Granulation tissue (N/E, M/E, fate)
2. Primary and secondary union wound.
Class C.
Define and example:
1. Organization
2. Resolution.
Chapter 3: Cell Injury.
Class A.
1. Calcification:
1. Dead generative-distrophic
2. In normal-metastatic
3. Lumen-stone formation
2. Necrosis & Apoptosis.
· Its comparison
· Types necrosis
· Coagulative, liquifective, fat necrosis
· Fibrinoid
· Ceasition TB
· Pathological picture (N/E, M/E)
· Coagulative necrosis occur in all organ except in CNS(brain & spinal cord-liquifective)
3. Amyloidosis
· Stains:
1. Metachromatic stain-rose red
2. Iodine –brown
3. Iodine + Sulphuric- blue
4. Hx&E –pink pale
5. Congo red-orange red / brown
· In 3 organs:
1. Liver ( firm, rubbery, waxy)
2. Kidney
3. Spleen
Class B.
1. Cellular hyalinosis > russel bodies-> damage of plasma
Answer: 6P + zeancher + H
6P
1. Platlet & thrombosis
2. Pancreas-islet of lengerhans
3. Pituitary gland
4. Plasma
5. PCT of kidney
6. Prostate-corpora
Zeancher
H-Hepatocyte-caused by : Alcohol- ?
Yellow viral virus-?
2. Fatty changes
· Steatosis
· Fat distribution mayb in heart
· Tigroid heart = tiger = yellow + brown stripes . due to fat generation
3. Bronzed diabetes
4. Brown atrophy of heart
Endogenous
1. Malignant
2. Lipochrome
· Lipofucin pigment-atrophy
· Pigmen of aging heart
· Pigment increase- brown atrophy of heart
3. Hemoglobin derived pigment
· Bilirubin
· Hemosiderin-primary( bronzed) & secondary
· Hematin
Liver | Cirrhosis & hematoma |
Pancreas | Bronzed Diabetes Mellitus |
Heart | Heart failure |
Skin | Bronzed |
Chapter 4: Circulatory Disturbances.
1.Infarction
- Def
- Types
- Growth Morphologic (N/E, M/E, fate)
2.Gangrene (necrosis/infarction + putrefaction)
1. Dry
2. Moist
3. Senile
3.Edema
- Differences Exudates & transudate
- Anasarca= generalize edema all over body and serous sac
4.Thrombosis
1. Fate
2. Thromus & blood clot
· Site thrombus-vein-because superficial and slow
3. Venous thrombosis
1. Phelibitis( Vein inflammation)
2. Phlebo thrombosis ( thrombosis in Vein with no inflammation)
3. Thrombo phlebitis
· Differences Phlebo thrombosis & thrombo phlebitis
4. Hyperemia & congestion (in liver & lung)
· Liver cirrhosis= fibrous & nodular
· Congestion liver
1. Early- nut meg liver-yelllow,red area
2. Late-heart cirrhosis-caused by heart failure
· Congestive liver is brown,caused by capillary rupture,hemosiderine release.by duration, fibrosed of lung
· Fate of hemosiderin
· Become heart failure cell & phagocytic by macrophage.
5.Heamorrhage( hge) = escape blood outside heart during life
1. External hge
· Heamaturia-blood in urine
· Heamoptesis-blood in cough ( respiration)
· Heamatemsis-vomit of blood ( upper GIT)
· Internal hge
· Heamothorax
· Heamoperitoneum
· Heamopericarditis
· Heamoartherosis-joints
· Heamorrhage in tunica vaginalis-testis cover
2. Interstitial hge
1. Small-purpura
2. Medium-ischemosis
3. Large-heamatoma
ajinnye ajk baso....
important topics ni doc dep patho ke yg bg?